Sunday, 22 September 2013

Servo Driven Points - System Developed!!

I've finished version 1 of the software to control the points. All you need to drive the system now is a single wire driving RS232 at TTL levels. It can even be driven by a simple terminal program. The command is in the form:

S00000000F

Where a 0 => set the point to straight and a 1 => set the point to turn.

The software runs a really nice little state machine to ensure robust communications. I may want to put an ACK on the serial line potentially (taking it to 2 lines to control the system.

You can see the setup in this video:

The code is below (needs comments!).

//
// Points controller using Pololu serial servo controller
// Chris Mendes 2013
// 
//
// Software Serial from Arduino example by Tom Igoe
//
// Pololu code borrowed from Mike Crist...
//   put() (now position_absolute) & set_speed() functions found on pololu forums & modified
//   mike crist 2009-01-03

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

#define  ServoRxPin     2
#define  ServoTxPin     3
#define  ServoResetPin  4

// Pins for the command port
#define  CmdRxPin       5
#define  CmdTxPin       6

#define  DebugModePin  12


typedef enum CmdStateType {initialising, waiting_good, waiting_error, started, reading_digits, waiting_finish, finished };

CmdStateType  CmdState;

#define  NUM_POINTS    8

byte  PointAngles[NUM_POINTS][2] = { {88,94}, {86,94}, {94,86}, {85,94}, {97, 85}, {109, 96}, {93, 74}, {97, 79}};

byte  NextCommand[NUM_POINTS];
byte  Command[NUM_POINTS];
byte  LastCommand[NUM_POINTS];

byte  CmdBit;
boolean  GotCommand;

int  big_loop;
#define  LOOP_RESET  100000


// set up a new serial port
SoftwareSerial softSerial =  SoftwareSerial(ServoRxPin, ServoTxPin);

// Set Up the Command Port
SoftwareSerial CmdSerial =  SoftwareSerial(CmdRxPin, CmdTxPin);


void setup()
{
  int  i;
  int  pos;
  
  // set the data rate for the hardware serial port
  Serial.begin(9600);
  
  big_loop = 0;
  CmdState = initialising;
  
  pinMode(DebugModePin, INPUT);


  //Reset the servo controller
  pinMode(ServoResetPin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(ServoResetPin, LOW);
  delay(20);
  digitalWrite(ServoResetPin, HIGH);
  

  pinMode(ServoRxPin, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(ServoTxPin, HIGH);
  pinMode(ServoTxPin, OUTPUT);

  // set the data rate for the SoftwareSerial port
  softSerial.begin(38400);
  
  for (i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
  {
    set_speed(i, 5);
    //delay(100);
    set_neutral(i, 3000);
    //delay(100);
    set_servo_parameters(i, 0, 15);
    //delay(100);
    // Move all points to position 0 - straight
    pos = PointAngles[i][0];
    position_8bit(i,(byte)map(pos,0,179,0,255));
  }
  //wait for them all to move, then turn them off
  delay(3000);
  for (i = 0 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
  {
    set_servo_parameters(i, 0, 15);
  }
  

  pinMode(CmdRxPin, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(CmdTxPin, HIGH);
  pinMode(CmdTxPin, OUTPUT);
  CmdSerial.begin(9600);
  CmdState = waiting_good;
  
  memset(Command,0x00,NUM_POINTS);
  memset(LastCommand,0x00,NUM_POINTS);
  memset(NextCommand,0x00,NUM_POINTS);

  CmdBit = 0;
  GotCommand = false;
}

void
HandleBit(char c)
{
  byte  TempBit = 0x00;
  
  TempBit = c - '0';

  NextCommand[CmdBit] = TempBit;

  CmdBit++;
}

void
HandleCharacter(char c)
{
      switch(CmdState)
      {
       case waiting_error:
       case waiting_good:
          if(c == 'S')
          {
            CmdState = started;
            CmdBit = 0;
          }
          else
          {
            CmdState = waiting_error;
          }
          if (CmdState == waiting_error)
            digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
          else
            digitalWrite(13,LOW);
          
          break;
          
        case started:
        case reading_digits:
          if((c == '0') or (c == '1'))
          {
            CmdState = reading_digits;
            HandleBit(c);
            if(CmdBit == 8)
            {
              CmdState = waiting_finish;
              CmdBit = 0;
            }  
          }
          else
          {
            CmdState = waiting_error;
          }
          break;
        case waiting_finish:
          if(c == 'F')
          {
            CmdState = finished;
          }
          else
          {
            CmdState = waiting_error;
            CmdBit = 0;
            memset(NextCommand, 0x00, NUM_POINTS);
          }
          //break;
          // Note no break here - fall through and handle finishing
        case finished:
          CmdBit = 0;
          
          GotCommand = true;
          
          memcpy(LastCommand, Command, NUM_POINTS);
          memcpy(Command, NextCommand, NUM_POINTS);
          memset(NextCommand, 0x00, NUM_POINTS);
          
          CmdState = waiting_good;
          
          break;
      }

}
void
GetCommand()
{
  char  c;
  
  if(digitalRead(DebugModePin))
  {
    if(Serial.available())
    {
      c = Serial.read();
      HandleCharacter(c);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    if(CmdSerial.available())
    {
      c = CmdSerial.read();
      HandleCharacter(c);
    }
  }
  
}


void loop()
{
  big_loop++;
  
  GetCommand();

  if(GotCommand == true)
  {
    int  i;
    
    for(i = 0; i < NUM_POINTS; i++)
    {
      if(LastCommand[i] != Command[i])
      {
        int  pos;
        
        pos = PointAngles[i][(Command[i])];
        if(digitalRead(DebugModePin))
        {
          Serial.print("Switch ");
          Serial.print(i);
          Serial.print(" Set To ");
          Serial.print(Command[i]);
          Serial.print(" Angle ");
          Serial.print(pos);
          Serial.println();       
        }
        
        //move it!
        position_8bit(i,(byte)map(pos,0,179,0,255));
        // TURN THE SERVO OFF AGAIN TO LOWER CURRENT DRAW
        // set_servo_parameters(i, 0, 15);


      }
      else
      {
        // motor is now idle so turn it off
        set_servo_parameters(i, 0, 15);
      }
    }
    GotCommand = false;
    memcpy(LastCommand,Command,NUM_POINTS);
    big_loop = 0;
  }

  if(big_loop == LOOP_RESET)
  {
    int  i;
    
    big_loop = 0;
    
    for (i = 0; i < NUM_POINTS; i++)
    {
        // motor is now idle so turn it off
        set_servo_parameters(i, 0, 15);
    }
    
  }

}

void set_servo_parameters(byte servo, byte OnOff, byte rangeVal)
{
   //this function uses pololu mode command 0 to set servo parameters
   //servo is the servo number (typically 0-7)
   //rangeVal of 15 gives 180 deg in 8-bit, 90 deg in 7 bit
   
   byte temp;
   byte parameters;
   
   temp = OnOff << 6;                     //set first two bits of parameters (on = 1, forward = 0)
   temp = temp + (rangeVal & 0x1f);   //put first five bits of rangeVal into temp
   parameters = temp & 0x7f;          //take only bottom 7 bits
      
   //Send a Pololu Protocol command
   softSerial.write(0x80);       //start byte
   softSerial.write(0x01);       //device id
   softSerial.write((byte)0x00);       //command number
   softSerial.write(servo);      //servo number
   softSerial.write(parameters); //parameters
   
}

void set_speed(byte servo, byte speedVal)
{
   //this function uses pololu mode command 1 to set speed
   //servo is the servo number (typically 0-7)
   //speedVal is servo speed (1=slowest, 127=fastest, 0=full)
   //set speedVal to zero to turn off speed limiting
   
   speedVal = speedVal & 0x7f; //take only lower 7 bits of the speed
   
   //Send a Pololu Protocol command
   softSerial.write(0x80);     //start byte
   softSerial.write(0x01);     //device id
   softSerial.write(0x01);     //command number
   softSerial.write(servo);    //servo number
   softSerial.write(speedVal); //speed

}

void position_7bit(byte servo, byte posValue)
{
  //this function uses pololu mode command 2 to set position  
  //servo is the servo number (typically 0-7)
  //posValue * range (set with command 0) adjusted by neutral (set with command 5)
  //determines servo position

   byte pos = posValue & 0x7f;     //get lower 7 bits of position

   //Send a Pololu Protocol command
   softSerial.write(0x80);     //start byte
   softSerial.write(0x01);     //device id
   softSerial.write(0x02);     //command number
   softSerial.write(servo);    //servo number
   softSerial.write(pos);     //position
}

void position_8bit(byte servo, byte posValue)
{
  //this function uses pololu mode command 3 to set position  
  //servo is the servo number (typically 0-7)
  //posValue * range (set with command 0) adjusted by neutral (set with command 5)
  //determines servo position

   byte temp;
   byte pos_hi,pos_low;
   
   temp = posValue & 0x80;      //get bit 8 of position
   pos_hi = temp >> 7;            //shift bit 8 by 7
   pos_low = posValue & 0x7f;     //get lower 7 bits of position

   //Send a Pololu Protocol command
   softSerial.write(0x80);     //start byte
   softSerial.write(0x01);     //device id
   softSerial.write(0x03);     //command number
   softSerial.write(servo);    //servo number
   softSerial.write(pos_hi);  //bits 8 thru 13
   softSerial.write(pos_low); //bottom 7 bits
}

void position_absolute(byte servo, int angle)
{
  //this function uses pololu mode command 4 to set absolute position  
  //servo is the servo number (typically 0-7)
  //angle is the absolute position from 500 to 5500

   unsigned int temp;
   byte pos_hi,pos_low;
   
   temp = angle & 0x1f80;  //get bits 8 thru 13 of position
   pos_hi = temp >> 7;     //shift bits 8 thru 13 by 7
   pos_low = angle & 0x7f; //get lower 7 bits of position

   //Send a Pololu Protocol command
   softSerial.write(0x80);    //start byte
   softSerial.write(0x01);    //device id
   softSerial.write(0x04);    //command number
   softSerial.write(servo);   //servo number
   softSerial.write(pos_hi);  //bits 8 thru 13
   softSerial.write(pos_low); //bottom 7 bits
}

void set_neutral(byte servo, int angle)
{
  //this function uses pololu mode command 5 to set neutral position  
  //servo is the servo number (typically 0-7)
  //angle is the absolute position from 500 to 5500

   unsigned int temp;
   byte pos_hi,pos_low;
   
   temp = angle & 0x1f80;  //get bits 8 thru 13 of position
   pos_hi = temp >> 7;     //shift bits 8 thru 13 by 7
   pos_low = angle & 0x7f; //get lower 7 bits of position

   //Send a Pololu Protocol command
   softSerial.write(0x80);    //start byte
   softSerial.write(0x01);    //device id
   softSerial.write(0x05);    //command number
   softSerial.write(servo);   //servo number
   softSerial.write(pos_hi);  //bits 8 thru 13
   softSerial.write(pos_low); //bottom 7 bits
}

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